A surgical procedure that involves removing the foreskin, the skin covering the tip of the penis. It is commonly performed on newborn boys in certain parts of the world, but it can also be done on older children and adults for various reasons.

Why Is Circumcision Performed?

Non-Medical Reasons: These circumcisions are often done for cultural, religious, or social reasons rather than medical necessity.

Medical Reasons: Circumcision is sometimes recommended for medical reasons, including:

• Improved Hygiene: Easier to clean, reducing the risk of infections.
• Reduced Risk of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Circumcision can lower the likelihood of UTIs, especially in infancy.
• Lower Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Some studies suggest circumcision reduces the risk of certain STIs.
• Prevention of Penile Problems: Circumcision can prevent conditions like phimosis (tight foreskin) and balanitis.
• Reduced Risk of Penile Cancer: Although rare, circumcision can decrease the risk of developing penile cancer later in life.

Complications of Circumcision

While circumcision is generally safe, there are potential risks, including:

• Pain: Discomfort during and after the procedure.
• Bleeding or Infection: There is a minor risk of bleeding or infection at the site.
• Irritation of the Glans: The exposed tip of the penis may become irritated.
• Increased Risk of Balanitis: Inflammation of the penis tip.
• Risk of Injury: Though rare, there is a slight risk of injury to the penis.

Preparing for Circumcision

Before undergoing circumcision, your doctor will explain the risks and benefits. For newborns, the procedure is typically performed in the hospital. For older children and adults, it is usually done on an outpatient basis, with local anesthesia or numbing cream to minimize pain. The procedure takes about 5-10 minutes in newborns and up to an hour in adults.

What to Expect After Circumcision

In Newborns:

• After the procedure, some fussiness is expected due to discomfort. Healing usually takes 7-10 days.
• Bruising and swelling are normal for a few days.
• It’s important to clean the penis and change the dressings regularly.
• Keeping the diaper slightly loose helps with healing.

In Adults:

• Follow your doctor’s instructions for incision care.
• Resume normal activities when comfortable but avoid strenuous exercise for four weeks.
• Walking is recommended during recovery.

When to Call a Doctor

Contact your doctor if you experience increased pain, difficulty urinating, bleeding, signs of infection (fever, redness, swelling), or if a plastic ring used during the procedure doesn’t fall off after two weeks.

Circumcision is a common procedure that involves removing the foreskin of the penis, offering both cultural and medical benefits. While generally safe, it comes with minor risks that should be considered. Understanding the procedure and following proper care guidelines can ensure a safe and informed experience.